1/26/2024 0 Comments Squids fluid![]() ![]() Scientists know that fish, whales, and other vertebrates can hear, but until recently, it wasn’t clear whether squid or other squishy invertebrates could even detect sound.įinding this out isn’t exactly trivial it’s not as if you can just play a tone and see if a squid raises a tentacle in response. ![]() Yet, despite their central importance in the marine food web, it is amazing how little we know about how squid find their way in the watery world-what senses they rely on to navigate, avoid danger, find food, and perhaps communicate with each other. ![]() Even humans get in on the banquet people eat 3 million metric tons of squid annually. Whales, according to Mooney, consume millons of metric tons of squid a year. Not just fish, but also many birds, seals, sea lions, dolphins, and toothed whales depend heavily on squid. Aran Mooney, a postdoctoral scholar at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). “Almost every type of marine organism feeds somehow off squid,” said biologist T. This makes it promising for integrating with typical thruster propulsion to achieve on-demand maneuverability.The ordinary squid, Loligo pealii, is well known as a kind of floating buffet. "But as a relatively less extensively studied form of underwater propulsion, it is advantageous in terms of a straightforward mechanism for effective instantaneous escape and high maneuverability. "It's difficult to determine at this point," Luo said. Will we see new jet propulsion-based submarines soon? "Continuous jet propulsion may not be favorable, and specific measures are needed to mitigate the effect of this instability during the design of jet propulsion-inspired underwater vehicles or propulsors via active control of body deformation to change the evolution of the internal vortices pattern." "The findings of our work about the mechanism of symmetry-breaking instability provides guidance for the design of squid-inspired underwater robots and vehicles," said Luo. The group found this burst-and-coast style may help squids avoid the symmetry-breaking instability of the surrounding flow vortex that could cause thrust and efficiency deterioration. "This may help provide a better understanding of why burst-and-coast swimming is used by juvenile and adult squids that operate within turbulent flows more frequently compared with squid hatchlings that operate within laminar flows," said Luo.īeyond jet propulsion, juvenile and adult squids also rely on fin oscillation on their heads for swimming quite often. The group also discovered symmetry-breaking instability of vortices around the jetter, which sends out jets of water, after several continuous jet cycles. Jet propulsion can be more efficient when turbulent flow is considered, according to Luo. During inflation of the mantle, water is sucked into the chamber and gets ejected during the next mantle deflation." "The squid is propelled forward by the strong jet in the opposite direction, then the mantle inflates automatically as a result of stored elastic energy. "As a result, the internal volume of the body decreases and water inside the chamber is ejected to form a jet flow," said Yang Luo, one of the authors and a research assistant at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. An external force, which mimics the squid muscle's constriction, is applied on the flexible mantle surface of the model. The model for this research is a 2D squidlike swimmer that has a flexible mantle body with a pressure chamber and a nozzle that serves as the inlet and outlet of water. Among their discoveries, they found that thrust production and efficiency are underestimated within laminar, or nonturbulent, flows. In Physics of Fluids, from AIP Publishing, the group describes their numerical study of the jet propulsion of cephalopods with turbulent flow considered for the first time. Researchers in Scotland, the U.S., and China are exploring the fundamental mechanism behind squids' pulsed-jet propulsion.
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